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Wind and solar energy are pollution-free sources of abundant power. With renewable power generation expected to become more and more profitable with open access to transmission lines and rapid growth around the world, the design, operation, and control of alternative energy resources becomes an essential field of study. Wind and Solar Power Systems provides a comprehensive treatment of this rapidly growing segment of the power industry. It provides the fundamentals of wind and solar power generation, energy conversion and storage, and the operational aspects of power electronics and the quality of power. It covers in detail the design, operation, and control methods applicable to stand-alone as well as grid-connected power systems and discusses the present status of and the on-going research in renewable power around the world.Wind and Solar Power Systems stands as the most modern, complete book available on renewable energy. Electrical, environmental and mechanical engineering professionals along with policy-makers evaluating the renewable energy potential of their regions will find in it the background and the details they need for decision making.

Synopsis:
Renewable Power Systems explains how wind and solar energy generate electrical power. The book covers the fundamentals of the wind and photovoltaic power generation -- design, operation, and control methods applicable to the stand-alone as well as grid-connected power systems -- steady state as well as dynamic performance and operation -- methods for extracting the maximum power at a given site -- past and present trends as well as anticipated growth -- and energy maps of several countries, useful for assessing the annual energy potential of any site.

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

Introduction
1.1 Industry Overview
1.2 Incentives for Renewables
1.3 Utility Perspective 1.3.1' Modularity
1.3.2 Emission-Free References
Wind Powerv 2.1 Wind in the World
2.2 The U.S.A.
2.3 Europe
2.4 India
2.5 Mexico
2.6 Ongoing Research and Development References
Photovoltaic Power
3.1 Present Status
3.2 Building Integrated pv Systems
3.3 pv Cell Technologies
3.3.1 Single-Crystalline Silicon
3.3.2 Polycrystalline and Semicrystalline
3.3.3 Thin Films
3.3.4 Amorphous Silicon
3.3.5 Spheral
3.3.6 Concentrated Cells
3.4 pv Energy Maps References
4. Wind Speed and Energy Distributions
4.1 Speed and Power Relations
4.2 Power Extracted from the Wind
4.3 Rotor Swept Area
4.4 Air Density
4.5 Global Wind Patterns
4.6 Wind Speed Distribution
4.6.1 Weibull Probability Distribution
4.6.2 Mode and Mean Speeds
4.6.3 Root Mean Cube Speed
4.6.4 Mode, Mean, and rmc Speeds Compared
4.6.5 Energy Distribution
4.6.6 Digital Data Loggers
4.6.7 Effect of Height
4.6.8 Importance of Reliable Data
4.7 Wind Speed Prediction
4.8 Wind Resource Maps
4.8.1 The U.S.A.
4.8.2 Minnesota
4.8.3 The United Kingdom
4.8.4 Europe
4.8.5 Mexico
4.8.6 India
References
Wind Power System
5.1 System Components
5.1.1 Tower
5.1.2 Turbine Blades
5.1.3 Yaw Control
5.1.4 Speed Control
5.2 Turbine Rating
5.3 Electrical Load Matching
5.4 Variable-Speed Operation
5.5 System Design Features
5.5.1 Number or Blades
5.5.2 Rotor Upwind or Downwind
5.5.3 Horizontal Axis Versus Vertical Axis
5.5.4 Spacing of the Towers
5.6 Maximum Power Operation
5.6.1 Constant Tip-Speed Ra tio Scheme
5.6.2 Peak Power Tracking Scheme
5.7 System Control Requirements
5.7.1 Speed Control
5.7.2 Rate Control
5.8 Environmental Aspects
5.8.1 Audible Noise
5.8.2 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) References
6. Electrical Generator
6.1 Electromechanical Energy Conversion
6.1.1 DC Machine
6.1.2 Synchronous Machine
6.1.3 Induction Machine
6.2 Indue tion Generator
6.2.1 Construction
6.2.2 Working Principle
6.2.3 Rotor Speed and Slip
6.2.4 Equivalent Circuit for Performance Calculations
6.2.5 Efficiency and Cooling
6.2.6 Self-Excitation Capacitance
6.2.7 Torque-Speed Characteristic
6.2.8 Transients
References
Generator Drives
7.1 Speed Control Regions
7.2 Generator Drives
7.2.1 One Fixed-Speed Drive
7.2.2 Two Fixed-Speeds Drive
7.2.3 Variable-Speed Using Gear Drive
7.2.4 Variable-Speed Using Power Electronics
7.2.5 Scherbius Variable-Speed Drive
7.2.6 Variable-Speed Direct Drive
7.3 Drive Selection
7.4 Cut-Out Speed Selection References
Solar Photovoltaic Power System
8.1 The pv Cell
8.2 Module and Array
8.3 Equivalent Electrical Circuit
8.4 Open Circuit Voltage and Short Circuit Current
8.5 i-v and p-v Curves
8.6 Array Design
8.6.1 Sun Intensity
8.6.2 Sun Angle
8.6.3 Shadow Effect
8.6.4 Temperature Effect
8.6.5 Effect of Climate
8.6.6 Electrical Load Matching
8.6.7 Sun Tracking
8.7 Peak Power Point Operation
8.8 pv System Components References
9. Solar Thermal System
9.1 Energy Collection
9.1.1 Parabolic Trough
9.1.2 Central Receiver
9.1.3 Parabolic Dish
9.2 Solar II Power Plant
9.3 Synchronous Generator
9.3.1 Equivalent Electrical Circuit
9.3.2 Excitation Methods
9.3.3 Electrical Power Output
9.3.4 Transient Stability Limit
9.4 Commercial Power Plants References
Energy Storage
10.1 Battery
10.2 Types of Batteries
10.2.1 Lead-Acid
10.2.2 Nickel Cadmium
10.2.3 Nickel-Metal Hydride
10.2.4 Lithium-Ion
10.2.5 Lithium-Polymer
10.2.6 Zinc-Air
10.3 Equivalent Electrical Circuit
10.4 Performance Characteristics
10.4.1 Charge/Discharge Voltages
10.4.2 Charge/Discharge Ratio
10.4.3 Energy Efficiency
10.4.4 Internal Resistance
10.4.5 Charge Efficiency
10.4.6 Self-Discharge and Trickle Charge
10.4.7 Memory Effect
10.4.8 Effects of Temperature
10.4.9 Internal Loss and Temperature Rise
10.4.10 Random Failure
10.4.11 Wear-Out Failure
10.4.12 Various Batteries Compared
10.5 More on Lead-Acid Battery
10.6 Battery Design
10.7 Battery Charging
10.8 Charge Regulators
10.8.1 Multiple Charge Rates
10.8.2 Single Charge Rate
10.8.3 Unregulated Charging
10.9 Battery Managemen
10.9.1 Monitoring and Controls
10.9.2 Safety
10.10 Flywheel
10.10.1 Energy Relations
10.10.2 Flywheel System Components
10.10.3 Flywheel Benefits Over Battery
10.11 Compressed Air
10.12 Superconducting Coil References
Power Electronics
11.1 Basic Switching Devices
11.2 AC to DC Rectifier
11.3 DC to AC Inverter
11.4 Grid Interface Controls
11.4.1 Voltage Control
11.4.2 Frequency Control
11.5 Battery Charge/Discharge Conver
11.5.1 Battery Charge Converter
11.5.2 Battery Discharge Conver
11.6 Power Shunts References
Stand-Alone System
12.1 pv Stand-Alone
12.2 Electric Vehicle
12.3 Wind Stand-Alone
12.4 Hybrid System
12.4.1 Hybrid with Diesel
12.4.2 Hybrid with Fuel Cell
12.4.3 Mode Controller
12.4.4 Load Sharing
12.5 System Sizing
12.5.1 Power and Energy Estimates
12.5.2 Battery Sizing
12.5.3 pv Array Sizing
12.6 Wind Farm Sizing References
Grid-Connected System
13.1 Interface Requirements
13.2 Synchronizing with Grid
13.2.1 Inrush Current
13.2.2 Synchronous Operation
13.2.3 Load Transient
13.2.4 Safety
13.3 Operating Limit
13.3.1 Voltage Regulation
13.3.2 Stability Limit
13.4 Energy Storage and Load Scheduling
13.5 Utility Resource Planning Tool References
14. Electrical Performance
14.1 Voltage Current and Power Relations
14.2 Component Design for Maximum Efficiency
14.3 Electrical System Model
14.4 Static Bus Impedance and Voltage Regulation
14.5 Dynamic Bus Impedance and Ripple
14.6 Harmonics
14.7 Quality of Power
14.7.1 Harmonic Distortion
14.7.2 Voltage Transients and Sags
14.7.3 Voltage Flickers
14.8 Renewable Capacity Limit
14.8.1 Systems Stiffness
14.8.2 Interfacing Standards
14.9 Lightning Protection
14.10 National Electrical Code

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